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Respublikam\u0131z m\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259ld\u0259 etdikd\u0259n sonra k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 geni\u015f inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n paylanmas\u0131 bu inki\u015faf\u0131 daha da s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. Ba\u015fqa sah\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r d\u0259nli tax\u0131l bitkil\u0259rinin d\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda \u0259v\u0259zolunmaz rolu vard\u0131r. Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 D\u00fcnya inki\u015faf Bank\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na qoydu\u011fu investisiyalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 tax\u0131l\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tax\u0131l\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259nli tax\u0131l bitkil\u0259rinin yeni, intensiv tipli sortlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u0259sas amill\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.\nBu i\u015fd\u0259 seleksiya v\u0259 seleksiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259v\u0259zedilm\u0259z rolu vard\u0131r.
\nSeleksiya yeni heyvan v\u0259 bitki n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131laraq k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na t\u0259tbiqini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. Seleksiya bitki v\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131n genetik t\u0259rkibini insanlar\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131na uy\u011fun d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inki\u015faf istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rini haz\u0131rlay\u0131r. Bu proses t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fc kimi eyni qanunlara tabe olan t\u0259kam\u00fcl formas\u0131d\u0131r, lakin t\u0259bii se\u00e7m\u0259 qism\u0259n s\u00fcni se\u00e7im il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunur. Seleksiya d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin qida t\u0259minat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r.
\nYeni m\u0259hsuldar bitki n\u00f6vl\u0259rinin v\u0259 heyvan cinsl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda v\u0259 s\u0259nayed\u0259 istehsal\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u0259sas faktorlara \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, yatmaya davaml\u0131 sortlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, texniki y\u0131\u011f\u0131ma uy\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f pomidor sortlar\u0131, istixanalarda yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f meyv\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259v\u0259z sortlar\u0131 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n mexanikl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131r. Buradan g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi seleksiya m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Seleksiya fasil\u0259siz inki\u015faf ed\u0259n bir prosesdir. Onun metodlar\u0131 daha m\u0259hsuldar, x\u0259st\u0259lik v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rvericil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 davaml\u0131, y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259tli sortlara artan t\u0259l\u0259bat\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daimi t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilir. Bu, h\u0259m d\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n yeni regiona v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit\u0259, yeni texnologiyaya uy\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da t\u0259min edir. Hektardan 25-30 sentner m\u0259hsul ver\u0259n \u201cL\u00fctenses 62\u201d, \u201cTsezium 111\u201d v\u0259 \u201cUkrainka\u201d sortlar\u0131 1930-1940-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSRi-d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sortlar idi. Bu sortlar sonralar \u201cBezostaya 1\u201d, \u201cMirinovskaya 808\u201d, \u201cAvrora\u201d, \u201cKavkaz\u201d v\u0259 sair kimi hektardan 50-70 sentner m\u0259hsul ver\u0259n sortlarla \u0259v\u0259z olundu.
\nSeleksiya k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 bitkil\u0259rinin se\u00e7ilib \u0259kilm\u0259si v\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131n \u0259hlil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bundan sonra insanlar daha yax\u015f\u0131 formalar\u0131 se\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. Inki\u015faf etdikc\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 formalar insanlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259tta q\u0259dimd\u0259 bel\u0259 insanlar b\u0259zi seleksiya metodlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, q\u0259dim Misir v\u0259 Mesopotamiyada x\u0131rmanda s\u00fcni tozlanma apar\u0131rd\u0131lar. S\u00fcni se\u00e7m\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerli sortlar geni\u015f yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Rus k\u0259ndlil\u0259ri Kr\u0131mka, Belaturka, Poltavka, Garnovka adl\u0131 bu\u011fda sortlar\u0131 yaratd\u0131lar. Onlar \u00e7ox zaman sad\u0259 yerli adlarla adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 yerli \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 bec\u0259rilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131 uy\u011funla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.
\nDig\u0259r d\u0259nli tax\u0131l bitkil\u0259rinin elmi seleksiyas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda 1925\u2013ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fdir. Bu G\u0259nc\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 stansiyas\u0131 v\u0259 onun t\u0259rkibind\u0259 tax\u0131llar\u0131n seleksiyas\u0131 b\u00f6lm\u0259si yarad\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdir. 1933\u2013c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u0259nlitax\u0131l bitkil\u0259rin seleksiyas\u0131 T\u0259rt\u0259r B\u00f6lg\u0259 T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 Stansiyas\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc
\nIlk t\u0259dqiqatlar T\u0259rt\u0259r BTS-da Az\u0259rbaycan seleksiya\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Qrama\u00e7evskinin r\u0259hb\u0259rlriyi il\u0259 apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Burada arpalar\u0131n botaniki t\u0259rkibi v\u0259 onlar\u0131n bioloji v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n formalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi t\u0259dqiq edilmi\u015fdir. Yerli \u015f\u0259rait\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 qiym\u0259tli olan aborigen material\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 v\u0259 sisteml\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t yetirilirdi. N.\u0130.Vavilov (1965) d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qeyd etmi\u015fdir ki, d\u00fcnya standartlar\u0131n\u0131n seleksiyaya c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tli genefondu olan yerli sortimentin d\u0259rind\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si vacibdir.
\nIlkin d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 seleksiya i\u015fl\u0259ri k\u0259\u015ffiyyat xarakterli olmu\u015fdur. \u018fsas diqq\u0259t aran v\u0259 da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi rayonlarda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arpa v\u0259 bu\u011fda sortlar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259dqiq olunmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdir. \u00c7ox q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 ( 1926-1928) stansiyada apar\u0131lan i\u015fl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1923 sortn\u00fcmun\u0259 topland\u0131. 1929-1930-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif rayonlar\u0131ndan ekspedisiya n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 toplanm\u0131\u015f kolleksiya material\u0131na art\u0131q 4300 bu\u011f-da v\u0259 1100 arpa sortn\u00fcmun\u0259 daxil edildi. 1937\u2013ci ild\u0259 G\u0259d\u0259b\u0259y, Tal\u0131\u015f, Lac\u0131n, K\u0259lb\u0259c\u0259r v\u0259 Naxc\u0131vanda apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259krar ekspedisiya n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 560 bugda, 329 arpa n\u00fcmun\u0259si \u0259ld\u0259 edildi.
\nBununla yana\u015f\u0131 seleksiya\u00e7\u0131lar d\u00fcnya kolleksiyas\u0131ndan da istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k imkan\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etdil\u0259r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131q 1941-ci ild\u0259 stansiyada t\u0259dqiqat aparan seleksiya\u00e7\u0131lar 14800 bu\u011fda, 3200 arpa sortn\u00fcmun\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r, hans\u0131 ki, bunun 9500\u2013\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yerli sortlar\u0131 idi.
\n1933-c\u00fc ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq hibridl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 metodundan geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131.Yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yum\u015faq v\u0259 b\u0259rk bu\u011fda, arpa sortlar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfata t\u0259tbiq edilir. Stansiyada 1933- c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015eirvand\u0259ni v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131vand\u0259ni adl\u0131 iki sort ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq rayonla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Nax\u015f\u0131vand\u0259ni h\u0259tta G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistanda da rayonla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131laraq kolxoz v\u0259 sovxozlarda geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq edilmi\u015fdir.
\nBu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 indi d\u0259 davam etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Seleksiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran \u0259s\u0259s m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 ild\u0259n il\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n iqlim\u0259, \u0259trafdak\u0131 stress amill\u0259rin\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 davaml\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsuldar sortlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatn\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259minat\u0131d\u0131r. Yarad\u0131lan yeni sortlar\u0131n t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfata t\u0259tbiqi ild\u0259n-il\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259hsul \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. \u201cMurov-2\u201d, \u201c\u015e\u0259f\u0259q-2\u201d, \u201cZirv\u0259-85\u201d, \u201cQ\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131g\u00fcl-1\u201d, Fatim\u0259 bu\u011fda sortlar\u0131n\u0131, \u201cQaraba\u011f 22\u201d v\u0259 \u201cQaraba\u011f-33\u201d arpa sortlar\u0131n\u0131 misal g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar.
\nBununla yana\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259timizin yeni sortlar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 daha geni\u015f yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn fermerl\u0259r\u0259 etdiyi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r bu sah\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 daha da s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n