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Son iki y\u00fcz ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan tarixin\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u015fanl\u0131 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, faci\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 soyq\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, m\u00fcsib\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 dolu s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b. Bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri 1918-ci ilin martaprel aylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.\nUlu \u00f6nd\u0259r Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin \u201cAz\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 haqq\u0131nda\u201d 1998-ci il 26 mart tarixli F\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 aktlar\u0131na siyasi-h\u00fcquqi qiym\u0259t verilm\u0259si bu sah\u0259d\u0259 apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlara, h\u0259qiq\u0259tin \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259rin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na t\u0259kan verdi. Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 faci\u0259l\u0259rini qeyd etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 31 Mart Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n Soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc elan edildi.
\n1918-ci ilin Mart soyq\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6z amans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 miqyas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan tarixind\u0259 deyil, b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259n qanl\u0131 faci\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. \u018fll\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n f\u00fcrs\u0259td\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r u\u015faq, qoca, qad\u0131n dem\u0259d\u0259n minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131 q\u0131l\u0131ncdan, s\u00fcng\u00fcd\u0259n ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r, diri-diri yand\u0131rd\u0131lar. Milli memarl\u0131q incil\u0259rini, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri, x\u0259st\u0259xanalar\u0131, m\u0259scid v\u0259 dig\u0259r abid\u0259l\u0259ri da\u011f\u0131td\u0131lar. Bak\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini xarabal\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirdil\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 Bak\u0131da deyil, \u015eamax\u0131, Quba q\u0259zalar\u0131nda, Qaraba\u011fda, Z\u0259ng\u0259zurda, Nax\u00e7\u0131vanda, L\u0259nk\u0259randa, G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi q\u0259ddarl\u0131qla h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi. Bu \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 dinc \u0259hali k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirildi, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259r yand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259ri da\u011f\u0131d\u0131l\u0131b m\u0259hv edildi.
\n1918-ci ilin iyul ay\u0131nda Mart\u0131n 31-i Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00fcmummilli mat\u0259m g\u00fcn\u00fc elan olundu. Bununla da az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcl\u0259n soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 v\u0259 bir \u0259srd\u0259n art\u0131q davam ed\u0259n torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 prosesl\u0259rin\u0259 tarixd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 siyasi qiym\u0259t verm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd g\u00f6st\u0259rildi. Lakin C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin s\u00fcqutu bu sah\u0259d\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f i\u015fi yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qoydu.
\nErm\u0259nil\u0259rin az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 soyq\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 XX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda bir daha t\u0259krarland\u0131. 1992-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda erm\u0259nil\u0259r Xocal\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u0259halisin\u0259 misli g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259n divan tutdu. Bu qanl\u0131 faci\u0259 minl\u0259rl\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hv edilm\u0259si, \u0259sir al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin yerl\u0259yeksan edilm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. Birinci Qaraba\u011f M\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259razimizin 20 faizinin erm\u0259ni silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 zaman\u0131 minl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u015f\u0259hid olub.
\nTarixin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259r\u0259ql\u0259ndikc\u0259 yeni-yeni faktlar, erm\u0259ni v\u0259h\u015filiyinin t\u00fck\u00fcrp\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.
\n\u015eamax\u0131da 1918-ci ilin mart-aprel aylar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131na g\u0259linc\u0259, b\u0259zi m\u0259lumatlarda bu r\u0259q\u0259min 7 min, b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 8-12 min, h\u0259tta 40 min oldu\u011fu g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lan F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 \u0130stintaq Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 1918-ci ilin mart-aprel aylar\u0131nda \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0259zas\u0131nda az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar ya\u015fayan 58 k\u0259nd\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin h\u00fccumu zaman\u0131 3632 ki\u015finin, 1771 qad\u0131n\u0131n, 956 u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n v\u0259h\u015fic\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc qeyd olunurdu. Lakin ekspertl\u0259rin dig\u0259r arxiv s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda apard\u0131qlar\u0131 hesablamalara g\u00f6r\u0259, \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n 53 k\u0259ndind\u0259 8027 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilib. Onlardan 4190 n\u0259f\u0259ri ki\u015fi, 2560 n\u0259f\u0259ri qad\u0131n, 1277 n\u0259f\u0259ri u\u015faq olub. Dig\u0259r bir m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131n\u0131n 72 k\u0259ndind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin 7 min n\u0259f\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 1653 qad\u0131n v\u0259 965 u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc bildirilir. F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 \u0130stintaq Komissiyas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0259zas\u0131ndak\u0131 120 k\u0259ndin 86-s\u0131n\u0131n erm\u0259ni t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259nib. Dig\u0259r 34 k\u0259nd haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat toplamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131b.
\nM\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib ki, erm\u0259ni cinay\u0259tkarlar\u0131 – S.\u015eaumyan, S.Lalayev, Z.Arestisyan, T.\u018fmirov v\u0259 A.\u018fmiryan qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259qrib\u0259n 14-16 min, onun 40 k\u0259nd v\u0259 obas\u0131nda 6-8 min n\u0259f\u0259r q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilib. \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0259zas\u0131ndan did\u0259rgin d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nl\u0259rin say\u0131 is\u0259 18 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox olub.
\nN\u0259riman N\u0259rimanov \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haqq\u0131nda bel\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cT.\u018fmirovun v\u0259 S.Lalayevin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r Bak\u0131da olan silahl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri ya\u015f\u0131na v\u0259 cinsin\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259l qoymadan b\u00fct\u00fcn az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Onlar h\u0259l\u0259 d\u00fcnyada g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f bir cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tdil\u0259r, u\u015faqlar\u0131 s\u00fcng\u00fc v\u0259 q\u0131l\u0131ncdan ke\u00e7irir, adamlar\u0131 m\u0259scid\u0259 toplay\u0131b kerosin t\u00f6k\u00fcb yand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d.
\nH\u0259min d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli g\u00fcnl\u0259rin \u015fahidi olmu\u015f alman A.Y.Kluqe qeyd edirdi ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman (az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131) m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 soxularaq h\u0259r k\u0259si \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr, q\u0131l\u0131ncla par\u00e7alay\u0131r, s\u00fcng\u00fc il\u0259 d\u0259lm\u0259-de\u015fik edirdil\u0259r. Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131ndan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra bir \u00e7uxurdan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan 87 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 c\u0259s\u0259dinin qulaqlar\u0131, burunlar\u0131 k\u0259silmi\u015f, qar\u0131nlar\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, cinsiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 do\u011franm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r u\u015faqlara ac\u0131mad\u0131qlar\u0131 kimi, ya\u015fl\u0131lara da r\u0259hm etm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r.
\nM\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259 A.Y.Kluqey\u0259 istinadla yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cKluqenin, dig\u0259r \u0259cn\u0259bil\u0259rin o g\u00fcnl\u0259rin xatir\u0259si olmaq \u00fczr\u0259 alm\u0131\u015f olduqlar\u0131 v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn \u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan fotolar \u00e7ox faci\u0259li m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259ks etdirir. Bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n q\u0131zl\u0131-erk\u0259kli cocuq \u00f6l\u00fcl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qocaman \u00e7oban k\u00f6p\u0259kl\u0259ri bu m\u0259sum yavrular\u0131 g\u0259mirir… \u00c7\u0131lpaq bir qad\u0131n yer\u0259 s\u0259rilmi\u015f, \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f… bu \u00f6l\u00fc v\u00fccudun qurumu\u015f m\u0259m\u0259sini canl\u0131 bir yavru \u0259mm\u0259kd\u0259dir…\u201d.
\nBak\u0131da t\u0259kc\u0259 bir h\u0259ft\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 12 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox insan, \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini dinc sakinl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259sas etibaril\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259hali v\u0259h\u015fic\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fdi. Bol\u015fevik-da\u015fnak d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259ri h\u0259tta az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lara h\u0259lak olmu\u015f yax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259fn etm\u0259y\u0259 icaz\u0259 vermirdi. Onlar c\u0259s\u0259dl\u0259ri yanan binalara at\u0131r, quyulara, d\u0259niz\u0259 t\u00f6k\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Bak\u0131da \u015eaumyan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi Bak\u0131 Sovetinin tam hakimiyy\u0259tinin b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131 qurbanlar\u0131n d\u0259qiq say\u0131n\u0131n hesablanmas\u0131na imkan verm\u0259di. Lakin \u0130ran\u0131n Bak\u0131dak\u0131 konsulu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d S\u0259id-ol Vesar\u0259 Mara\u011feyinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, t\u0259kc\u0259 onun yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 x\u00fcsusi komissiya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259y\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n 5000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcs\u0259lman\u0131n meyiti toplanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 d\u0259fn olunmu\u015fdu. Men\u015fevikl\u0259rin \u201cNa\u015f qolos\u201d q\u0259zeti h\u0259min g\u00fcnl\u0259ri bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edirdi: \u201cH\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259f meyitl\u0259rl\u0259 doludur \u2013 yan\u0131b k\u00fcl olmu\u015f, do\u011franm\u0131\u015f, eyb\u0259c\u0259r hala sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f meyitl\u0259r\u2026\u201d.
\nBritaniya briqada general\u0131 R.Qortonun Londona g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi 1918-ci il 8 dekabr tarixli s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 20 min, F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 \u0130stintaq Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 30 min, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 Milli M\u0259clisinin n\u0259\u015fr etdiyi kitabda is\u0259 50 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcs\u0259lman\u0131n soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. Y\u0259qin ki, bu da son r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259r deyil.
\nTarix 74 il sonra yenid\u0259n t\u0259krarland\u0131. 1992-ci il fevral\u0131n 25-d\u0259n 26-na ke\u00e7\u0259n gec\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Xocal\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin zaman-zaman t\u00f6r\u0259tdikl\u0259ri qanl\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n davam\u0131 olan daha bir d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015f verdi. H\u00fccum zaman\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259ki 3 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n 613-\u00fc, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 106 qad\u0131n, 63 u\u015faq v\u0259 70 qoca x\u00fcsusi q\u0259ddarl\u0131qla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, 487 n\u0259f\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 76 u\u015faq a\u011f\u0131r yaraland\u0131, 1275 n\u0259f\u0259r girov g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc v\u0259 insan\u0131 al\u00e7aldan i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131.
\nT\u0259dqiqatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Quba \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi m\u0259zarl\u0131q a\u015fkarlan\u0131b.
\n\u00dcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f tarixi faktlar 1918-ci ilin mart-aprel aylar\u0131nda v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259ni mill\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdikl\u0259ri qanl\u0131 aksiyalar\u0131n co\u011frafiyas\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015f v\u0259 faci\u0259 qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n qat-qat \u00e7ox oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbuta yetirir.<\/p>\n