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\u0130nfeksiya \u2013 patogen mikroorqanizmin dig\u0259r canl\u0131 orqanizmin\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131 v\u0259 bu-nun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yoluxmu\u015f orqanizmd\u0259 ged\u0259n cavab prosesl\u0259r. \u0130nfeksiyan\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259n amil orqanizm\u0259 daxil olduqda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n orqan v\u0259 toxumalarda m\u0259hdudla\u015f\u0131r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 infeksion proses \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir. \u0130nfeksion proses k\u0259skin v\u0259 xroniki x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r, yaxud infeksiya g\u0259zdirm\u0259 formas\u0131nda a\u015fkar ola bil\u0259r.\nH\u0259r bir \u0130nfeksiyan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus yoluxma mexanizmi var; t\u0259n\u0259ff\u00fcs yollar\u0131n\u0131n infeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259 \u00f6sk\u00fcrd\u00fckd\u0259, asq\u0131rd\u0131qda v\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131qda \u0130nfeksiya selik damc\u0131lar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259trafa yay\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 sa\u011flam insana hava il\u0259 yoluxur; s\u0259pgili yatalaq, malyariya, taunun bubonlu formas\u0131 v\u0259 s. x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r qansoran c\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131r; qoturlu\u011fun, g\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259k v\u0259 z\u00f6hr\u0259vi x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rint\u00f6r\u0259dicil\u0259ri is\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259 il\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 t\u0259masda olduqda ke\u00e7ir. \u0130nfeksiyan\u0131n yoluxma mexanizminin ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 infeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin profilaktikas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u0130nfeksiya m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n kliniki\u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n infeksion x\u0259st\u0259lik haqq\u0131nda v\u0259 gizli – y\u0259ni latent, inapparant infeksiya, immunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 subinfeksiya v\u0259 mikrobda\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q hal\u0131nda gedir.
\nSpesifiklik dedikd\u0259 bel\u0259 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr ki, h\u0259r bir infeksion x\u0259st\u0259liyi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n n\u00f6v mikrob t\u00f6r\u0259dir.
\n\u0130nfeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r zaman\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259lik t\u00f6r\u0259dicisinin x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sa\u011flamlara kontakt v\u0259 ya aral\u0131q obyektl\u0259ri vasit\u0259sil\u0259 verilm\u0259si hal\u0131 kontagiozluq adlan\u0131r.
\n\u0130nfeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 inkubasi-ya, sonra prodremal, daha sonra klinik d\u00f6vr v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 hal\u0131nda getm\u0259si onlar\u0131n m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 getm\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259rir.
\n\u0130nfeksiya t\u00f6r\u0259dicil\u0259rinin orqanizm\u0259 daxil olmas\u0131 an\u0131ndan ilk kliniki \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259sin\u0259d\u0259k, latent infeksiyalarda is\u0259 immunobioloji reaksiyalar\u0131n ilk m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259sin\u0259d\u0259k olan d\u00f6vr\u0259 inkubasiya d\u00f6vr\u00fc deyilir. Bu d\u00f6vr b\u00fct\u00fcn infeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarakterikdir, m\u00fcdd\u0259ti is\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ol-maqla bir ne\u00e7\u0259 saatdan, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259, b\u0259zi infeksiyalar zaman\u0131 is\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 aya q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. \u0130nkubasiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 heyvan orqanizmind\u0259 mikrob \u00e7oxal\u0131r, onun toksini toplan\u0131r, madd\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fcbadil\u0259si pozulur, qan\u0131n formal\u0131 elementl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n keyfiyy\u0259t v\u0259 k\u0259miyy\u0259t d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri ba\u015f verir, ancaq he\u00e7 bir kliniki \u0259lam\u0259t g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr.
\n\u0130nkubasiya d\u00f6vr\u00fc sonra prodromal d\u00f6vrl\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olunur ki, bu da bir ne\u00e7\u0259 saatdan 1-2 g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 qeyri-spesifik \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r- y\u0259ni z\u0259iflik, \u00fcmumi \u00f6l-g\u00fcnl\u00fck, i\u015ftahan\u0131npozulmas\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n tempe-raturun y\u00fcks\u0259lm\u0259si m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. \u0130nfeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r zaman\u0131 bakterial v\u0259 toxuma m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li toksiki m\u0259hsullar \u00fcr\u0259k \u0259z\u0259l\u0259si v\u0259 qan damarlar\u0131na, h\u0259m\u00e7inin vegetativ sinir sistemin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00fcr\u0259k-damar sisteminin z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259m funksional, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00fczvi d\u0259-yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ba\u015f verir. Bakterial toksinl\u0259rin t\u0259sirind\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259ba\u011f\u0131rsaq \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sind\u0259 iltihabl\u0131-destruktiv d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r, fermentativ, sekretor v\u0259 ekskretor funksiyalar\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir.
\nSa\u011falma h\u0259r vaxt tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 olmur. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n orqanlar\u0131n funksiya poz\u011funlu\u011fu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131r. Rekonvalessentl\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt infeksiya t\u00f6r\u0259dicil\u0259rini xarici m\u00fchit\u0259 ifraz edir.
\n\u0130nfeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r zaman\u0131 heyvanlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259fl\u0259t\u0259n, dig\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n ba\u015f ver\u0259n z\u0259iflik v\u0259 ar\u0131ql\u0131qdan onlar\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259f olmas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur.
\n\u0130nfeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r ild\u0131r\u0131mvari, iti, yar\u0131mili, xroniki abortiv gedi\u015f\u0259 malik olmaqla, tipik v\u0259 atipik formalarda t\u00f6r\u0259yir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"